Portugal by the Numbers: Facts, Figures & Insights for Travelers

Portugal is a land of contrasts—small in size but rich in culture, history, and natural beauty. Looking at the country through numbers helps travelers understand its scale, diversity, and what makes it so special. From population and geography to tourism, food, and sustainability, here is Portugal explained in figures that paint a clear picture of this Atlantic nation.

Population & Demographics

Portugal has a population of approximately 10.3 million people. The majority live in coastal cities like Lisbon, Porto, and Faro, while rural inland regions such as the Alentejo are more sparsely populated. Around 67% of the population lives in urban areas, while the rest maintain traditional lifestyles in small villages.

The country’s median age is about 46 years, making Portugal one of the oldest populations in Europe. This reflects trends in longevity—life expectancy is around 82 years—and declining birth rates. Despite its aging population, Portugal remains vibrant, with younger generations contributing to tourism, tech, and creative industries.

Geography & Size

Portugal covers a total area of 92,212 square kilometers, making it slightly smaller than Hungary or Indiana (USA). Its mainland borders only Spain, while the Atlantic Ocean shapes its long western and southern coasts.

The country’s coastline measures approximately 1,794 km, including beaches, cliffs, and estuaries. Beyond the mainland, Portugal includes two autonomous island regions: Madeira (an archipelago of 4 islands, located 1,000 km southwest of Lisbon) and the Azores (a group of 9 volcanic islands in the mid-Atlantic). These islands add diversity in climate, geography, and culture.

Tourism Statistics

Tourism is one of Portugal’s largest industries, with nearly 27 million visitors arriving annually before the pandemic. Lisbon and Porto lead as the most visited cities, but the Algarve, Madeira, and Azores draw millions for their beaches, festivals, and landscapes.

In 2023, tourism contributed to around 15% of Portugal’s GDP. Hotels and guesthouses recorded over 70 million overnight stays, with the UK, Germany, Spain, and France providing the largest number of international visitors. Portugal’s popularity continues to grow thanks to affordable costs, safety, and year-round sunshine.

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Portugal proudly hosts 17 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, reflecting its rich cultural and natural legacy. Highlights include:

• Belém Tower and Jerónimos Monastery in Lisbon, symbols of the Age of Discoveries.
• The Douro Valley, famous for its terraced vineyards producing port wine.
• The Cultural Landscape of Sintra, with palaces and gardens that inspired Romantic architecture.
• Évora, a walled city with Roman, medieval, and Renaissance heritage.
• University of Coimbra, one of the oldest universities in Europe.

These sites highlight Portugal’s global influence and cultural richness. For more inspiration, see our Top Destinations in Portugal guide.

Economy & Currency

Portugal’s economy relies on a mix of tourism, agriculture, fishing, and industry. The official currency is the Euro (€). The country’s GDP is approximately €250 billion, with tourism, wine, textiles, and cork leading exports.

Portugal is the world’s largest cork producer, supplying about 50% of global demand. The wine industry, especially port, vinho verde, and Madeira wine, generates billions in revenue annually. Economic growth has also been fueled by technology startups, particularly in Lisbon and Porto, which are emerging as European hubs for innovation.

Transport in Numbers

Portugal’s transport system is modern and accessible. Highlights include:

• 3 major international airports (Lisbon, Porto, Faro) plus regional airports in Madeira and the Azores.
• 2,600 km of railways, with high-speed Alfa Pendular trains connecting Lisbon, Porto, and Faro.
• 3,000 km of highways, many equipped with electronic toll systems.
• Dozens of urban transport networks, including Lisbon’s 4 metro lines and Porto’s expanding metro system.

These numbers show how easy it is to explore Portugal by plane, train, car, or boat. For details, visit our Transportation Guide for Portugal.

Food & Wine Figures

Food is at the heart of Portuguese life, and the numbers tell a tasty story:

• 365 recipes for bacalhau (salt cod)—one for every day of the year.
• Portugal consumes more fish per capita than almost any other EU country, averaging 55 kg per person annually.
• The Douro Valley produces nearly 80,000 liters of port wine annually, much of it exported worldwide.
• Portugal is home to 40 Michelin-starred restaurants, showcasing both traditional and innovative cuisine.

Beyond the numbers, Portuguese gastronomy offers experiences that define travel here. Learn more in our Food & Drink in Portugal guide.

Education & Culture

Portugal’s literacy rate stands at over 95%, and its oldest university, Coimbra, dates back to 1290. The country has a vibrant cultural scene, with annual attendance at festivals and cultural events exceeding 10 million people.

Fado, Portugal’s traditional music, is not just cultural—it’s statistical too. Hundreds of Fado houses operate across Lisbon and Coimbra, serving thousands of visitors weekly. Cultural exports like Fado, cork, wine, and football (with clubs like Benfica and Porto) reflect Portugal’s global presence. For cultural highlights, check our Festivals & Events in Portugal page.

Sustainability & Environment

Portugal is a leader in renewable energy. Nearly 60% of its electricity comes from wind, solar, and hydro sources. Protected areas, including Peneda-Gerês National Park and the Azores biosphere reserves, cover 21% of the country’s territory.

The government is committed to eco-tourism and sustainable practices, encouraging visitors to travel responsibly. For tips on reducing your footprint, see our Sustainable Tourism in Portugal guide.

Conclusion

Portugal may be small in size, but its numbers tell a story of global impact, cultural richness, and natural beauty. From its millions of annual visitors and dozens of UNESCO sites to its centuries-old wine industry and modern renewable energy leadership, Portugal is a nation that balances tradition with progress. Looking at Portugal through facts and figures not only informs travelers but also deepens appreciation for the experiences awaiting them.